你所不知道的美国生物学专业分支竟然如此之多！

发布时间:2019-10-25

　　生物学作为传统的基础学科，可以延展到多个分支方向，包括生物学，生物物理学，生物化学，生物工程，生物医学工程，生物统计，生物信息学，行为生物学等。下面小编以美国约翰霍普金斯大学为例，简单的进行总结。

　　1.生物学

　　A doctoral degree is offered by the Program in Cell, Molecular, Developmental Biology, and Biophysics (CMDB).

　　CMDB graduate students participate in a core curriculum including molecular biology, cellular biology, developmental biology, and biophysics. Students continue to broaden their knowledge in these areas throughout their graduate training while they specialize in their own research areas. Through this cross-training, PhDs emerge from the CMDB program prepared to tackle complex problems in 21st-century biosciences.

　　The CMDB program includes faculty from Johns Hopkins University’s departments of biology, biophysics, and chemistry, as well as from the Carnegie Institution for Science Department of Embryology.

　　细胞、分子、发育生物学和生物物理学(CMDB)课程提供博士学位。

　　CMDB研究生参加一个核心课程，包括分子生物学、细胞生物学、发育生物学和生物物理学。在研究生培训期间，学生们继续扩大他们在这些领域的知识面，同时他们专门从事自己的研究领域。通过这种交叉培训，博士生从为解决21世纪生物科学中的复杂问题而准备的社区管理式发展计划中脱颖而出。

　　CMDB项目包括来自约翰霍普金斯大学生物、生物物理和化学系以及卡内基胚胎学科学系的教员。

　　2.生物物理

　　Johns Hopkins University was one of the first institutions in the country to establish biophysics as an independent discipline and to have a department dedicated to studying biology using the tools and approaches of physics and physical chemistry.

　　The department offers an undergraduate major, and participates in two graduate programs, the Program in Molecular Biophysics (PMB) and the Program in Cell, Molecular, Developmental Biology, and Biophysics (CMDB).

　　约翰霍普金斯大学是美国最早将生物物理学作为一门独立学科建立起来的机构之一，并设立了一个专门研究生物的系，使用物理和物理化学的工具和方法。

　　本系设有本科专业，并参与分子生物物理学(PMB)和细胞、分子、发育生物学、生物物理学(CMDB)两个研究生项目。

　　Research研究

　　High-Resolution Structure Determination of Macromolecules

　　高分辨率结构测定大分子

　　Determination of the Forces and Energetics that Determine Macromolecular Structure and Function决定大分子结构和功能的力和能量的测定

　　The Study of Macromolecular Assembly, Allostery, and Regulation

　　大分子组装、变构和调节的研究

　　Quantitative Physiology定量生理学

　　3.生物化学

　　The Chemistry-Biology Interface (CBI) graduate program provides students with training that enables them to challenge the traditional boundaries currently separating chemistry from biology. Upon completion of the program, CBI students receive a PhD in chemical biology.

　　化学-生物界面(CBI)研究生项目为学生提供培训，使他们能够挑战目前化学与生物之间的传统界限。项目完成后，CBI学生将获得化学生物学博士学位。

　　Chemistry, Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences化学，Zanvyl Krieger文理学院

　　Biology, Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences生物，赞维尔·克里格文理学院

　　Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine药理学与分子科学，医学院

　　Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health布隆伯格公共卫生学院生物化学与分子生物学

　　Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering生物分子与化学工程，惠廷工程学院

　　Biophysics, Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences生物物理学，赞维尔·克里格文理学院

　　Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, School of Medicine生物物理和生物物理化学，医学院

　　The nature of the program provides students with an expansive choice of faculty thesis advisers (preceptors), whose research spans the range of the chemistry-biology interface.

　　该项目的性质为学生提供了广泛的选择，教师论文指导(导师)，其研究跨越化学-生物界面的范围。

　　4.生物工程

　　The Johns Hopkins MS in Biotechnology offers a comprehensive exploration of basic science, applied science, and lab science, with an industry focus. The program gives you a solid grounding in biochemistry, molecular biology, cell biology, genomics, and proteomics.

　　This 10-course degree program is thesis-optional and can be completed fully online. Students can enroll part-time or full-time. This Program offers a sufficient number of onsite courses to sustain students coming to the US on visas. Our curriculum will prepare you to engage in research, lead lab teams, make development and planning decisions, create and apply research modalities to large projects, and take the reins of management and marketing decisions.

　　Many students like the flexibility of the general degree; it allows them to tailor the coursework to meet their individual career goals. The program also offers six different concentrations: biodefense, bioinformatics, biotechnology enterprise, regenerative and stem cell technologies, regulatory affairs, or drug discovery.

　　约翰霍普金斯大学生物技术硕士课程以工业为重点，提供基础科学、应用科学和实验室科学的全面探索。该课程为您提供了坚实的基础，在生物化学，分子生物学，细胞生物学，基因组学和蛋白质组学。

　　这个10门课程的学位课程是选修课，可以完全在线完成。学生可以选择兼职或全职。该项目提供足够数量的现场课程，以支持持签证来美国的学生。我们的课程将帮助您参与研究，领导实验室团队，制定开发和规划决策，创建和应用大型项目的研究模式，并掌握管理和营销决策。

　　许多学生喜欢普通学位的灵活性;他们可以根据自己的职业目标量身定做课程。该项目还提供六种不同的浓度:生物防御、生物信息学、生物技术企业、再生和干细胞技术、管理事务或药物发现。

　　5.生物医学工程

　　The Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Institute was founded as a true synthesis of biology, medicine and engineering. Our programs span four University divisions — the Schools of Medicine, Engineering, Arts and Sciences, and the Applied Physics Laboratory. Students take courses in all divisions, and participate in fundamental research projects as well as more applied, clinical projects.

　　惠特克生物医学工程研究所是一个真正的综合生物学，医学和工程。我们的项目跨越了四个大学部门——医学院、工程学院、文理学院和应用物理实验室。学生在各部门学习课程，参与基础研究项目以及更多应用性临床项目

　　Overview研究领域：

　　Biomedical Imaging生物医学成像

　　Computational Genomics计算基因组学

　　Computational Medicine计算医学

　　Data Intensive Biomedical Science数据密集型生物医学

　　Genomic-Epigenomic Engineering基因组表观基因组工程

　　Neuroengineering神经工程

　　Regenerative and Immune Engineering再生免疫工程

　　Systems Biology系统生物学

　　6.生物统计学

　　His current projects in computational biology are driven by the objective of tailoring cancer treatment to an individual molecular profile by extracting information from gigantic amounts of data about normal functioning and abnormal perturbations in biological networks. These data are accumulated by new sequencing technologies and enable his group to learn algorithms to predict disease phenotypes, progression and treatment response for individuals.

　　他目前在计算生物学领域的研究项目的目标是，通过从生物网络中有关正常功能和异常扰动的海量数据中提取信息，将癌症治疗方法调整为适合个体的分子轮廓。这些数据是通过新的测序技术积累起来的，使他的研究小组能够学习预测个体疾病表型、进展和治疗反应的算法。

　　7.生物信息学

　　The Johns Hopkins MS in Bioinformatics program will immerse you in the topics and applied methods of computational modeling, molecular biology, systems biology, structural biology, proteomics, genomic sequencing and genomic analysis, microarrays and microarray analysis. As a graduate with the MS in Bioinformatics, you’ll have the educational foundation to interpret complex biological information, perform analysis of sequence data using sophisticated bioinformatics software, and program software when needed.

　　约翰霍普金斯大学生物信息学硕士项目将使您沉浸在计算建模、分子生物学、系统生物学、结构生物学、蛋白质组学、基因组测序和基因组分析、微阵列和微阵列分析的主题和应用方法。作为一名生物信息学硕士研究生，您将具备解释复杂生物信息、使用复杂的生物信息学软件进行序列数据分析以及必要时使用程序软件的教育基础。

　　8.行为生物学

　　The David S. Olton Behavioral Biology Program is an interdepartmental, interdivisional area major for those wishing to study the natural and social sciences in relation to human and animal behavior.

　　The interaction between behavior and biology takes place in both directions. On the one hand, biology influences behavior. For example, psychopharmacology has demonstrated the importance of neurochemical substances in the brain, and sociobiology has emphasized the role of genetic factors in behavior. On the other hand, behavior also influences biology. An individual’s perception and reaction to life events can have substantial effects on hormonal and physiological functions. In recognizing both of these interactions, behavioral biology seeks to establish a greater understanding of them through its interdisciplinary organization.

　　The interdisciplinary characteristics of behavioral biology provide excellent preparation for post-graduate work. For those interested in the health professions, behavioral biology can be integrated into a premedical curriculum and should provide a broad, humanistic perspective. For those who wish to pursue scientific careers in the neurosciences, especially psychopharmacology or behavioral neuroscience/physiological psychology, the program provides the appropriate preparation. Students interested in the fields of organismal or integrative biology should also consider behavioral biology as a major.

　　行为生物学项目是一个跨系、跨部门的专业，面向那些希望学习与人类和动物行为相关的自然科学和社会科学的学生。

　　行为和生物学之间的相互作用是双向的。一方面，生物学影响行为。例如，精神药理学证明了大脑中神经化学物质的重要性，社会生物学强调了遗传因素在行为中的作用。另一方面，行为也会影响生物学。个体对生活事件的感知和反应会对激素和生理功能产生重大影响。在认识到这两种相互作用时，行为生物学试图通过其跨学科组织来建立对它们的更深入的理解。

　　行为生物学的跨学科特点为研究生的工作提供了良好的准备。对于那些对卫生专业感兴趣的人来说，行为生物学可以整合到医学预科课程中，并且应该提供一个广阔的、人文的视角。对于那些希望从事神经科学，特别是精神药理学或行为神经科学/生理心理学的科学职业的人来说，该项目提供了适当的准备。对生物或整合生物学感兴趣的学生也应该把行为生物学作为一个专业。